The cabinet is to spend €28 billion on120 separate measures to combat climate change with the aim of cutting carbon dioxide emissions by at least 55% by 2030, and possibly as much as 60%.

The idea, climate minister Rob Jetten said on Wednesday afternoon, is to share the costs and the benefits of change as equally as possible so that climate policy ‘works for everyone, no matter where they live, their age or their income.’

The measures focus on reducing CO2 emissions by industry, the transport sector and in electricity generation. More subsidies will also be available for private households to improve insulation and the application process should be as ‘low threshold’ as possible, Jetten said.

The main CO2 measures include:

• All gas and coal-fired electricity generators must close by 2035
• Energy taxes will be lower for households using less than 800 cubic metres a year. More details of this in the autumn
• €425 million to improve energy efficiency in poorer residential areas
• €100 million to fund solar panels in the rental sector
• Petrol will go up in price to make electricity-driven cars more attractive
• €600 million will go on boosting the second hand electric car market
• €90 million has been allocated to expand the charging point network
• €65 million for research into building small scale nuclear power stations

The minister said it was inevitable that the Dutch landscape would change, with the arrival of more wind and solar farms, but that they must be adapted to blend in as much as possible. Solar farms will also be required to install battery systems to store energy for when the weather is bad.

The CO2 plans are separate from the government’s measures to reduce nitrogen-based emissions, which have divided the cabinet and are still being worked out.