The Netherlands goes to the polls on June 6 to elect 31 new MEPs. But what will they actually do? Here’s a round up of how the European parliament works.

The European parliament is a directly elected EU body chosen by EU nationals with legislative, supervisory, and budgetary responsibilities. It will have 720 MEPs after the coming election and, controversially, divides its time between Strasbourg in France and Brussels.

The parliament has three main roles. Firstly, it deals with EU laws based on European Commission proposals, which are then given final approval by national government ministers within the Council of the EU.

The parliament decides on international agreements, such as enlarging the block, and can ask the commission to propose legislation. It is in charge of scrutinizing all EU bodies, electing the commission president and discussing monetary policy with the central bank. It also establishes and approves the EU’s budget and spending plans.

Members of the European parliament

The number of MEPs for each country is roughly proportionate to its population, but no country can have fewer than six or more than 96 MEPs. The total number cannot exceed 750 (plus the President).

Parliament has 20 committees and three subcommittees, each handling a particular policy area. The committees examine proposals for legislation, and MEPs and political groups can put forward amendments or propose to reject a bill. These issues are also debated within the political groups.

To pass legislation, MEPs meet for a plenary session to give a final vote on the proposed legislation and the proposed amendments.

Political affiliations

MEPs are grouped by political affiliation into one of seven groups, or can join a non-aligned group. The alliances are general rather than absolute, so a vote for the VVD rather than D66, both of which are in the Renew group, is not the same. However, the groups do form a barometer of political opinion and they do work together, which is why the rise of the right is being watched with great interest.

Check out the latest polls and forecasts of what the new European parliament will look like on Politico.

These are the seven groups and their Dutch members:

European Peoples’ Party EPP  (CDA plus BBB, NSC if approved)

Renew Europe (VVD, D66, Volt)

Progressive alliance of Socialists and Democrats S&D  (PvdA)

The Greens/European Free Alliance (GroenLinks)

The Left (SP)

Identity and Democracy (PVV, but plans to form a new group with Le Pen)

European Conservatives and Reformists (SGP)

After the election is over and the votes have been counted, European leaders nominate someone to take the role of commission president. This year it is again likely to be Ursula von der Leyen, because the EPP is set to be the biggest grouping. However, the appointment must be approved by the European parliament.

Once that job has been filled, work starts on appointing the other 26 commissioners and portfolios. Each member state delivers one commissioner. The Netherlands current commissioner is Wopke Hoekstra who was drafted in to replace Frans Timmermans, architect of the Green Deal, when he moved back to domestic politics.

What are the big issues?

Louise van Schaik, head of EU and global affairs at the Clingendael Institute in The Hague, told Dutch News earlier that the key themes for voters in the Netherlands will be migration, the green transition and the cost of living.

“There are concerns migration has not been handled well and the debate is about refugees, migrants from other EU countries, people from Ukraine and international students,” she said.

On the shift to greener energy, there are questions about whether the EU pushed it “too hard too rapidly”, especially for farmers and households.

Van Schaik says in the Netherlands the vote will be especially influenced by the ability of political parties to form a new government and deliver on voters’ expectations, after the Eurosceptic PVV won almost 25% of the vote in the November election.

“The Dutch electorate is volatile at the moment. The European elections turnout is not high and in the Netherlands this is likely to favour the left,” she added.

New priorities will be the EU enlargement to the Western Balkans and Ukraine, the institutional reforms these will require, and the ‘war economy,’ Van Schaik said. “If Trump is elected US president in November, we will have to scale up the European defense and borrow for that,” she said.