Ten party manifestos contain measures that would conflict with Dutch and international law, according to an analysis by the Dutch bar association Nova.

In particular, programmes that include limits on refugee numbers or limits to the free movement of people within Europe are a problem, the Nova research said.

Peter Omtzigt’s NSC, for example, calls for a limit of 50,000 new arrivals each year – whether refugees, students, or workers. The pro-countryside BBB calls for limits on asylum and far right parties call for a halt on asylum seekers altogether.

Other measures highlighted by lawyers include chemical castration for paedophiles (Denk), life-long jail terms (SGP), and a ban on community service sentences for attacks on emergency service workers (VVD).

50Plus, Bij1, ChristenUnie, D66, GroenLinks/PvdA, PvdD, SP and Volt do not have any policies in their manifestos that would conflict with current laws and treaties.