D66, the social democratic party which pulled out of the governing coalition, forcing an early election, has put spending on education and tax cuts at the centre of its manifesto. The party wants to cut the tax rate by 2% across all three tax bands to partly compensate voters for higher energy and healthcare costs.

D66 also wants to invest more in education and boost teachers’ salaries by 10%. Other plans include a gradual rise in the retirement age to 67, an end to compulsory ID cards, free childcare and an end to advertising on the public broadcasters. D66 has six seats in the current parliament but is only on two in the latest Nipo opinion poll.